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"Recent developments in trade theory, especially research on multi-product firms, have not been matched by similar progress on the empirical front. This paper aims to fill this gap by presenting a novel set of stylized facts on firm-product dynamics observed during an export boom. This exercise is possible thanks to a unique firm-product level dataset covering about 85 percent of Mexican industrial output for the period 1994-2003. The main findings are as follows. First, there is a substantial degree of product turnover at the firm-product level in response to declining trade costs. Second, "core competencies" - the fact that firms have a cost advantage or greater expertise at manufacturing some of their products - are the main driver of firms' decision to introduce or drop export products. Third, new exporters tend to "start small" in terms of both values and number of exported products. Fourth, even if the expansion in the number of exported products played a role in stimulating Mexican exports, the growth in volume of pre-existing products was the main driver of the export boom. Finally, the introduction of new export products is preceded by a surge in investment. These findings are in line with many, but not all, predictions of recent theoretical work. "--World Bank web site.

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"This note examines in detail Brazil's export performance over the past 15 years, focusing not only on growth and composition, but also on different performance dimensions, including diversification, sophistication, and firm dynamics. The analysis uses international comparisons to better situate the Brazilian performance, and explores different databases, including firm-level data recently published by the World Bank. The note uses a recent diagnostic toolkit developed by the World Bank in order to suggest some hypotheses about the factors that have been inhibiting exports and industrial production expansion. Among the latter, it is noted how service sectors, as the largest beneficiaries from favorable terms of trade, accommodated larger wage increases and "exported" cost pressures to other sectors of the economy. Furthermore, although a stronger currency can be appointed as one of the elements behind the lower competitiveness in Brazilian exports, sluggish productivity performance and a real wage uptrend explain a significant part of the overall loss of competitiveness. This diagnostic reinforces the importance of resuming the agenda of microeconomic reforms, increasing the investment-to-gross domestic product ratio, and advancing toward better-skilled human capital"--Abstract.

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Überfällige Rechnungen, mangelhafte Ware, Diebstahl geistigen Eigentums - Unternehmer müssen auf opportunistisches Verhalten ihrer Geschäftspartner vorbereitet sein. Dieses Buch definiert die Merkmale von Opportunismus, benennt dessen unterschiedliche Spielarten und analysiert die Rahmenbedingungen, die ein solches Verhalten hemmen bzw. fördern können. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse basieren - neben einer detaillierten Diskussion der einschlägigen Literatur - auf einer umfangreichen empirischen Studie mit persönlichen Interviews deutscher, US-amerikanischer und mexikanischer Unternehmer sowie einer standardisierten telefonischen Befragung deutscher Exportunternehmen.

Exports.